UNIT 2

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

Sigmund Freud was as Austrian doktor who explored the workings of the human mind. He delevoped psychoanalysis, which is both a way treating neurosis, or mental disturbances, and a theory of how the mind works.

Freud was born in Moravia, now part of Czechoslovakia. When he was four, his family moved to Viena, Austria. Freud entered the University of Viena when he was 17. One day he attended a lecture on nature. He was so fascinated that he made up his mind to become a docter.

Freud become interested in diseases of the mind. In 1885, he won a fellowship to study in Paris under the guidance of a doctor, Jean Martin Chariot, who was famaos for his work on this kind of diseases. The next year, Freud returned to Vienna, married, and began to treat diseases of the mind.

Freud has great insight into the human mind. He thought that every person is born with certain needs, he said, are unconscious-people are not a ware of thinking a bout such needs. Freud named the part of mind controlling these instinctive unconscious needs the id, and said that person's id operates to give pleasure.

Freud also said that, as we grow up from infancy, we acquire an ego, a collection of memories and thoughts that help us deal with the word around us. We continue to grow, and from the teaching of our family and society, we develop a superego- a conscience. Our superego and id often push in opposite ways. Our ego usually reduces this conflict by helping us to get pleasure without "hurting" our conscience.

But if a person unconscious thought and needs are very strong, they may cause unusual behavior, or neurosis. Freud's treatment for neurosis is psychoanalysis (examination of the mind), a method for uncovering these unconscious thoughts and understanding how they cause problems, Freud thoughts that dreams-even dreams that seem to make no sense- are a very important clue to understanding the mind.

Exercise 1

Answer these following question based on the above text!

1. when was Sigmund Freud born? 

2. How old did he die? 

3. What was he concerned with? 

4. When did he join University? 

5. Why did he want to be a doctor? 

6. Who was Jean Martin Chariot? 

7. According to Freud, food and drink are unconscious needs. Why did he say so?

8. These needs, he sad, are unconscious - people are no aware of thinking about such needs. What does "dash" (-)" mean? 

9. Mention the example of conscious needs and don't forget to explain each!

10. What do id, ego, and superego mean? 

The answers :

1. Sigmund was born in 1856.
2. he died at 83 years old.
3. He was concerned in diseases of the human mind.
4. He joined in university when he was 17 years old. He studied in a lecture on nature major.
5. He wanted to be a doctor because, he was so fascinated.
6. Jean Martin Chariot is a famous doctor who was the Sigmund Freud's advisor/guide.
7. He said so because, people are not aware of thingking about such needs.
8. The dash means that the next text explains the previous text.
9. The examples of conscious needs is clothes. Because, when we need some clothes, we should to go shopping and buy it.
10. Id is the need that are instinctive unconscious. For example, it can be an imtict to drink or eat.

Ego is the need to grow or nature an human beings, for example, ego can be the need to be a leader/ manager.

Superego is family or social needs. For example superego can be unconssience derived from parents and society such as be good to your friends, do not spoil the party.

Exercise 2

Conscious, make up his mind, fellowship, fascinate, and acquire, disturbance, dealing, and ego

1. He is always confused to choose which girl he should marry. His friends tells him  to make his mind up which girl he tends to marry quickly.
2. He is a smart students but poor. He wants to enter the University without paying anything. His uncle, then, asks him to join a fellowship program
3. My child is always interested in toys-cars and always asks me to buy them. One day we want shopping in delta plaza. Suddenly he stopped in front of car-shop and pointed out the big car. As a mater of fact, he was fascinate by the car, which was like his toy-car. And do you know what happened? He asked me to buy that car!
4. He was in coma for days, but now he is fully conscious again.
5. Some student say, that they study hard because they want to get reward from their parents. Some want to obtain good marks and some other want to aquire knowledge only.
6. Dealing some problems we have to discuss, would you please attend the meeting scheduled on Saturday night, 17 august 1995 at my house. Because it is very urgent, no excuse for you not to come to the meeting. Thanks a lot.